One of the six countries with access to the Adriatic Sea, Croatia is located in the northwest of the Balkan Peninsula and includes, in addition to the mainland, over a thousand islands and islets. Croatia has a fascinating history: in 1102, it united with Hungary to withstand Ottoman conquests. After World War I, it briefly became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, which declared independence from Austria-Hungary, later co-founding the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After World War II, Croatia was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, becoming an independent state in 1991. Its declaration of independence sparked a war that ended in 1995.
Despite its turbulent history, Croatia ranks 18th among the world's most popular tourist destinations. Opatija, the first resort established in the 19th century, quickly became one of Europe's most popular spa destinations. The beaches along the Adriatic coast boast numerous marinas, while cultural tourism draws visitors to medieval coastal towns. The inland regions offer mountain resorts, agritourism, and thermal baths. Croatian beaches are renowned for their unpolluted waters, surrounded by numerous natural reserves, and feature over 116 beaches.
Top tourist attractions include the medieval center of Zagreb, known as Gornji Grad, the 6th-century Euphrasian Basilica, Mljet Island, Diocletian's Palace in Split, Korčula Island, Plitvice Lakes - one of Europe's most stunning natural destinations, and the medieval city of Dubrovnik, often called the "Pearl of the Adriatic."
Croatia hosts numerous annual festivals and celebrations, such as the Zagreb Baroque Festival, Animafest Zagreb, the Dubrovnik International Film Festival, the Zagreb International Folklore Festival, and the Celebration of Emperor Diocletian in Split. As a top tourist destination, Croatia is served by many airlines, including Lufthansa, SAS, Swiss, Austrian Airlines, Croatia Airlines, Ryanair, and Turkish Airlines.